.

 Sufficiency The adverbs enough and enough usually take a postmodifier position e.g.       Is that music loud enough ?               The shoes are not big enough Adj + enough + PP                    Is the water hot enough for you ? Adj + enough + to-inf cl            Is the water hot enough to take a bath ? Adj + enough + PP +to-inf cl    Is the water hot enough  for you   to take a bath  ? Note : When enough functions as an adjective, it can come before the noun e.g.         Did he give us enough time ? Enough + Noun + to inf        We have got enough money to buy a new car Enough + Noun + for + indirect object + to inf  The is not enough time for them to finish the test papers Excess The adverb too comes before adjectives and other...

English verbs can be classified into two classes – lexical verbs and auxiliary verbs (helping verbs or assistant verbs) VERBS 1. Lexical/Full Verbs     a. Regular     b. Irregular 2. Auxiliary/Helping Verbs     a. Primary / Grammatical Auxiliary : be, do, have          - Tense Aux : have - forming perfect tense forms          - Aspect Aux : be - building progressive verb forms          - Voice Aux : be - in passive          - Periphrastic Aux : do - used as a "dummy" (pro form) . I do love her     b. Modal : can, could, might, must, etc Reference  Declerck, Renaat. 2006. The Grammar of the English Verb Phrase . Walter de Gruyter : Berlin

 I. Nouns and Adjectives     Nouns : Rubber comes from South America vs Adjectives : This wheel has a rubber tire     Nouns : The brick is yellow  vs  Adjectives : Here is a brick house  II. Nouns and Verbs Nouns : Give me a stamp  vs  Verbs : Stamp this envelope Nouns : Hear the wash of the tide  vs  Verbs : Wash those windows Other examples are : act, address, answer, boast, care, cause, close, hope, mark, offer, rest, rule, sail, shape, doubt, sleep, test, watch  III. Adjectives dan Adverbs Adjectives : That is a fast boat  vs  Adverbs : The snow is melting fast Adjectives : Draw a straight line  vs  Adverbs : The arrow flew straight  IV. Adjectives dan Pronouns Adjectives : This man looks happy  vs  Pronouns : This is my book Adjectives : Each day brings its opportunity  vs  Pronouns : I received a dollar from each IV. Adverbs and Prepositions Adverb : Jim came tumblin...

 A phrasal verb is a verb that changes its meaning when it is combined with an adverb or a preposition. In some grammar book a preposition or an adverb used in phrasal verb called particle . I give up smoking --- give up means to stop smoking They called up the president The preposition up, in, down, and on accompanying phrasal verbs have become particles rather than prepositions or adverbs since they no longer always express place or direction (Gelderen, 2010) a. Separable Transitive Phrasal Verb have parts that can be separated by the direct object of the phrasal verb through application of the particle movement rule. - Let's figure out the solution to the problem. - Let's figure the solution to the problem out . ask out, hand in, blow out, pick up, make up, look up, put down, write down, turn on, turn off b. Inseparable Transitive Phrasal Verb The splashed out on new office furniture ---- not The splashed it out  call on, catch up, check in, check out, drop in, drop ...

 A participial adjective is an adjective coincident with the-ing form or -en form of the verb to which it is related ( Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar ) Her story was very frightening .     -present participle adjective He seems very worried The vase is broken                         -past participle adjective The shop is closed at five o'clock  -past participle (verb)/passive voice --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -ed form     alarmed, amazed, bored, excited, frightened, pleased, surprised, tired, worried, delighted, renowned, self-centered -ing form    alarming, amazing, boring, exiting, frightening, pleasing, surprising, tiring, worrying, welcoming --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Modified by adverbs ---very alarming, most alarmed If parti...

A. Participle Phrase Modifying Noun or Pronoun --->  Adjective/relative clause reduction-->verbals as adjective Position : After the noun being modified : a. noun as subject     The man talking to the teacher is very intelligent. b. noun as object of verb     Anna knows the girl talking to the teacher. c. noun as a complement of verb     The person to see is that man talking to the teacher     This is a good government, supported by all the people d. noun as object of preposition     Anna is interested in the man talking to the teacher At the beginning of the sentence (modifying the subject) Supported by most people , the new President felt confident about the future At the end of the sentence (modifying the subject) The new President felt confident about future, knowing that he had the support of all the people B. Participle Phrase Modifying as Part of the Object of a Verb After verbs of perception (feel, hear, see...