Phrasal Verb

 A phrasal verb is a verb that changes its meaning when it is combined with an adverb or a preposition. In some grammar book a preposition or an adverb used in phrasal verb called particle.

I give up smoking --- give up means to stop smoking

They called up the president

The preposition up, in, down, and on accompanying phrasal verbs have become particles rather than prepositions or adverbs since they no longer always express place or direction (Gelderen, 2010)

a. Separable Transitive Phrasal Verb
have parts that can be separated by the direct object of the phrasal verb through application of the particle movement rule.

- Let's figure out the solution to the problem.

- Let's figure the solution to the problem out.

ask out, hand in, blow out, pick up, make up, look up, put down, write down, turn on, turn off

b. Inseparable Transitive Phrasal Verb

The splashed out on new office furniture ---- not The splashed it out

 call on, catch up, check in, check out, drop in, drop by, drop out, get in, get out, get up, look after, .....

c. Permanently Separated Transitive Phrasal Verb
    have parts that must be separated by the direct object.
The coach's attitude is getting the team down.

Intransitive Phrasal Verbs

a. pure intransitive phrasal verbs

She sat down very slowly

b. ergative phrasal verbs

Bit by bit the intensity of the storm tapered off
All of a sudden several problems cropped up.

Some phrasal verbs, called paired ergative phrasal verbs, have transitive counterparts.

The sun came out, and the water dried uo (ergative)
The hot sun dried up the pools of water on the pavement (transitive)


PREPOSITIONAL VERB

Prepositional verbs consist of a verb and a following preposition.
decide on, stare at, care for, stand for, depend on, apply for. 
Like many phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs are transitive. However, their second element is a preposition and so their two parts cannot be separated by the object, in contrast to separable transitive phrasal verbs, to which particle movement can apply.

He applied for the job ---- not he applied the job for. 


Reference :

Cowan, Ron. 2008. The Teacher's Grammar of English, New York : Cambridge University Press

Gelderen, Elly van. 2010. An Introduction to The Grammar of English. Revised Edition. Philadelphia USA: John Benjamins Publishing Company

Sihombing, B, Burton B, English Grammar Comprehension, Yogyakarta : Grasindo  

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