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Verbals are derived from verbs but do not inflect for tense and person , nor combine with an auxiliary verb to form verb phrases (predicate). Though verbal are formed from verb, verbal do not function as verbs . They include gerund, participle, and infinitive phrases. *Some grammars books call verbal phrases non-finite phrase A. GERUND (-ing form) A gerund is a verbal that functions as a noun . A gerund phrase consists of a gerund, modifier (s), object (s), and/or complement(s). Gerund phrases may perform all the functions that nouns are capable of fulfilling. a. Subject of verb     Singing is my hobby. (Gerund is always be a singular noun)      His coming late  created consecutive problems. (Possessive gerund-his coming) b. Object of verb     My students enjoy reading books.      Verbs followed by Gerund Objects :     avoid               finish         ...

  The Key Answers of TOEFL ITP Practice  Level 1 Volume 3 Prepared by ETS  by RizalPra Structure Section of Practice Test A 1. D. The Teaching - Noun Phrase as Subject (Article + Gerund) 2. C. that they do not have - Noun Clause (that+ S+V) 3. A. people recorded - Subject + Verb (adverbial clause) 4. A. the basis for - subject complement (prepositional phrase) 5. C. there is no - adverbial clause - subject of sentence 6. B. an animal that breathes - adjective clause  7. B. form when water vapor - adverbial clause 8. D. Maine's largest city - Noun Apposition 9. A. that cover - adjective clause 10. A. was used - adjective clause (verb of subordinate clause with passive voice : to be + PP) 11. C. so - compound sentence (cause and result) 12. A. some - quantifier 13. A. so does - affirmative agreement (so + auxiliary verb + S) 14. D. Made - Participial phrase (passive) 15. B. the capital - subject complement (noun phrase after linking verb) Written Expression Section of ...