Verbal Phrase =Non-Finite Phrase

Verbals are derived from verbs but do not inflect for tense and person, nor combine with an auxiliary verb to form verb phrases (predicate).

Though verbal are formed from verb, verbal do not function as verbs. They include gerund, participle, and infinitive phrases.

*Some grammars books call verbal phrases non-finite phrase

A. GERUND (-ing form)

A gerund is a verbal that functions as a noun. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund, modifier (s), object (s), and/or complement(s). Gerund phrases may perform all the functions that nouns are capable of fulfilling.

a. Subject of verb

    Singing is my hobby. (Gerund is always be a singular noun)

    His coming late created consecutive problems. (Possessive gerund-his coming)

b. Object of verb

    My students enjoy reading books. 

    Verbs followed by Gerund Objects :

    avoid            finish                    stop

    admit            give up (=stop)    recommend

    consider        keep on                risk

    enjoy            imagine                resist

    delay            suggest                  try

    encourage    quit                        understand

    Verbs followed by Gerund or Infinitive Objects :

    attempt                                cannot bear            stop

    begin/start/continue            cannot stand           prefer

    like/dislike/love/hate           remember              advice/allow/encourage/forbid/recommend

    try                                        regret                     need

    hesitate                                forget


c. Object of preposition

    Do not keep on talking about it. (Prepositional)

    By cleaning the house, she is pleasing her family. (Adverbial)

d. Subject complement (predicate noun)

    My favourite activity is sleeping.

e. Appositive

    

In certain expressions :

- I always go shopping at the weekend.

- No smoking.


Negative Gerund : Not + Gerund (V-ing)

Gerund Forms: 

Simple      : V-ing (doing)                              Perfect                  : Having + PP (having done)

Passive     : Being + PP (being done)             Perfect Passive     : Having been + PP (having been done)


B. PARTICIPLES (-ing form and -ed form)



C. INFINITIVE




D. BARE INFINITIVE



E. VERBLESS




Reference :

1. A. DeCapua. Grammar for Teachers. Springer Text in Education.

2. Walker, E. et al.Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Student. Longman

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